Leptospirosis Leptospirosis is a rare bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals. It passes from animals to humans, which happens when broken skin or an open wound comes into contact with animal urine or water contaminated with animal feces. Caused by the bacteria genus Leptospira, the condition can end up developing into meningitis or Weil’s …
ACHALASIA Achalasia is a rare disorder of the esophagus that is marked by an impaired ability to push food and liquid into the stomach. The esophagus is a tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach. Achalasia is a disorder involving the smooth muscle layer of the esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter. …
HYPERMAGNESEMIA Hypermagnesemia is a rare electrolyte disorder in which there is a high level of magnesium in the bloodstream. The body uses magnesium as an electrolyte, meaning it generates and carries electric charges around the body when dissolved in the blood Magnesium is stored inside cells or bones and helps to maintain normal nerve and …
Abortion Abortion is the termination of pregnancy or the loss of a foetus/embryo. The rate of miscarriage risk is high at the start of pregnancy. Mostly, miscarriages happen in the first trimester i.e., the first 12 weeks of gestation period. The earliest weeks of pregnancy before the 20th week is the time when a woman …
Fanconi Anaemia Overview Fanconi anaemia, or FA, is a rare, inherited blood disorder that leads to bone marrow failure. FA is a type of aplastic anaemia that prevents your bone marrow from making enough new blood cells for your body to work normally. FA can also cause your bone marrow to make many abnormal blood …
The CARDIAC CYCLE The cardiac cycle describes the series of event that occurs during a complete heartbeat- the contraction and the relaxation of both the atria and the ventricle. The atria serve to receive the blood that enters the heart and passes it to the ventricle. One cardiac cycle is completed when the heart fills …
MENOPAUSE Menopause is that time in a woman’s life that marks the end of her menstrual cycle as a result of a natural decline in her reproductive hormones. It is associated with the absence of 12 months of menstrual period. Menopause is a natural, biological process. It can happen during the early 40s or late …
Sciatica Sciatica is the name given to pain caused by irritation of the sciatic nerve. Anything that irritates this nerve can cause pain, ranging from mild to severe. Sciatica is usually caused by a compressed nerve in the lower spine. Causes Sciatica occurs when the sciatic nerve becomes pinched, usually by a herniated disk in …
GYNECOLOGIC EXAMINATION The gynaecologic exam refers to the examination of a woman’s reproductive system, this includes examination of the abdomen and pelvic organs. However, many gynecologic problems have symptoms that involve other organ systems. The gynecologist should be ready to perform a general physical examination. ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION The standard techniques of auscultation, palpation, and percussion …
FATTY LIVER Fatty liver, or hepatic steatosis, is a term that describes the buildup of fat in the liver. It’s normal to have some fat in your liver, but too much can become a health problem. Your liver is the largest organ inside your body. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove …
