CHAPARE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (CHHF)
Chapare hemorrhagic fever is an acute viral disease caused by the Chapare virus.
- The only known outbreak of the condition occurred in January 2003, in the village of Samuzabeti, Chapare Province, Bolivia.
- The only described patient of Chapare hemorrhagic fever died 14 days after onset of symptoms.
CAUSES
CHHF is caused by the Chapare virus, a single-strand RNA virus of the Arenaviridae family. The specific transmission vector is unknown but is suspected to be rodents.
Risk factors
Because of their increased contact with rodent population, field workers are at greater risk of the condition.
Sexual partners of field workers may also be at greater risk.
Laboratory workers are also at risk. The condition can be transmitted during manipulation of the virus especially during experimental infections of rodents.
SYMPTOMS
- Fever
- A headache
- Vomiting
- Muscle pain
- Nosebleeds
- Bleeding gums
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
To make a diagnosis, the doctor may use serologic diagnosis by indirect immunofluorescent assay and ELISA
TREATMENT
No treatment or cure has been discovered yet. However, supportive therapy may be used. This includes:
- Hydration
- Maintenance of shock
- Pain relief
- Sedation
- Precautions for patients with bleeding disorders
- Transfusions when necessary
An anti viral drug, ribavirin has also been considered.