An intrauterine device is a small, T-shaped device made of plastic and is placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy.
It is long-lasting and reliable protection against pregnancy
There are two types of intrauterine devices: hormonal and non-hormonal.
How effective is an IUD?
They are very effective.
This means that less than 1 percent of those who use an IUD in a year will get pregnant.
How does an IUD work?
There are different types of IUD and each works a bit differently but with the same result which is to make it difficult for the sperm to get to the egg
For example, ParaGard. This IUD is wrapped in a copper coil. The copper ions are released into your uterus and make it inhospitable to sperm.
Hormonal IUDs contain progestin. It prevents pregnancy by thickening the cervical mucus to block sperm from entering the uterus
How is an IUD inserted?
IUDs are usually inserted by a healthcare professional
It whole process takes about a half hour with the actual insertion taking about a minute or two.
Taking an over-the-counter pain reliever before the process can help reduce pain
The insertion process is however different for everyone. Many find the process more uncomfortable than painful.
The discomfort you feel depends on factors like the length of your cervical canal, individual pain tolerance, and whether you’ve previously delivered a child.
Some people experience moderate to severe abdominal pain, nausea, and pressure during the procedure.
Side effects
The common side effects are cramping and back aches and they usually subside within a few hours or days.
Taking an OTC pain reliever, taking a hot bath, or using a heating pad might bring relief.
Spotting is also common but should stop within 3-6 months.
Risks
IUDs are mostly safe but certain conditions can increase the chances of side effects and complications.
IUDs are not recommended for those with STIs, recent history of pelvic inflammatory disease, cervical cancer, and those who are pregnant
People who have had breast cancer shouldn’t use hormonal IUDs
ParaGard shouldn’t be used by those who are allergic to copper, Wilson’s disease, or those whose blood doesn’t clot properly.
Other possible risks are:
Infection: the risk of infection is highest in the first 20 days, then drops significantly
Expulsion: the IUD could likely shift out of place. Being less than 20 years, having never been pregnant, or using a menstrual cup can increase the risk of expulsion.
Perforation: there’s a very low risk of perforation.
Removal
IUD removal is simple and quick
Your doctor will use forceps to gently pull the IUD’s strings.
If needed, special instruments will be used to get it out
In events that it can’t be removed, surgery is done but this is usually rare
Can you get a new IUD immediately after removal?
Yes, you can. The procedure is the same as the removal.
It usually takes about 5 to 10 minutes.
You can ask your doctor to prescribe medications to help with pain and discomfort before the procedure
